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Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction, by Marc Lanteigne
Download Ebook Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction, by Marc Lanteigne
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This textbook is an introduction�to the study of contemporary Chinese foreign policy. Examining the patterns of engagement with various domestic and international actors that have shaped Beijing’s foreign policy since the Cold War, it explores a series of ongoing questions and trends, as well as offering an in-depth look at key points of China’s current global relations.�
Bringing together the many different facets of China’s foreign interests, the volume presents a comprehensive overview of the country’s international affairs, covering such key issues as:
- the rise of globalization
- the country’s bilateral and multilateral approaches to international problem-solving
- the increase in the number and types of international regimes
- modern security challenges
- the question of American hegemony
- Beijing’s changing political, strategic and economic linkages with the developed and developing world.
Chinese Foreign Policy will be of great interest to upper-level students of Chinese international relations, Asian politics, comparative foreign policy and international relations, as well as professionals interested in China’s changing place in the global system.
- Sales Rank: #2998789 in Books
- Published on: 2009-04-04
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: .50" h x 6.80" w x 9.50" l, .72 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 163 pages
About the Author
Marc Lanteigne is a Lecturer at the School of International Relations, University of St. Andrews, UK. He is the author of China and International Institutions: Alternate Paths to Global Power; and co-editor of The Chinese Party State in the 21st Century (both published by Routledge).
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Excellent Summary -
By Loyd Eskildson
Lanteigne's book examines China's foreign policy through two major themes: 1)China is a rising power, but has not yet achieved superpower status, and 2)China's foreign policy is both expanding and undergoing reconstruction. Topics covered include the rise of globalization, its approaches to international problem-solving, and its changing linkages with the rest of the world.
China's early foreign policy was shaped first by its 1949 unsuccessful attempt to attain a seat in the U.N., and second was U.S.-led forces nearing Chinese territory during the Korean War. The introduction of Chinese forces contributed greatly to the military stalemate. Beijing was originally pro-Moscow, but Mao became unhappy with Soviet policies after Stalin's 1953 death, seeing them as deviating from revolutionary doctrine and too willing to accept peaceful co-existence with the West. He was also unhappy with lack of Soviet support for China's failed attempts to retake Taiwan militarily (Quemoy and Matzu) in 1954-55 and 1958, as well as Sino-Indian border dispute conflict in 1962. Mao criticized Khruschev, and Moscow's response was to remove all advisers and aid from China in 1960, as well as demanding immediate payment for weapons sold China for use in the Korean War. The Great Leap Forward (1958-60) was Mao's attempt to accelerate its transition to 'true' communism - it failed primarily because of Chinese mistakes, but the Soviets contributed with their actions. In October, 1964 China tested its first nuclear weapon.
Worried that he might suffer the same fate as Stalin (criticized posthumously by Khrushchev in 1956), and unhappy with China's recovery from the Great Leap Forward, he launched the Cultural Revolution in 1966 to further entrench the revolution. The Cultural Revolution was a low point in Chinese foreign policy as the nation was cut off from most diplomatic contacts. By the end of the 1960s small-scale incidents began to occur along the Soviet/Chinese border - Mao didn't trust Brezhnev and more than he had Khrushchev, considering Brezhnev a supporter of imperialist policies when the USSR used force to put down protests in Czechoslovakia in 1968. Not until Gorbachev came to power in 1985 and smoothed relations did the tensions calm.
During the early 1970s, many non-communist states established ties with Beijing and America's position of isolating China appeared untenable. By 1971, Beijing had enough support to regain its seat at the U.N. and become a permanent member of the Security Council, and U.S. thinkers hoped better relations with China would help in its war in Vietnam and further isolate the Soviets. Nixon and Kissinger visited Mao and Zhou Enlai in 1971.
Gradual rapprochement with the west and removal of Maoist ideology followed, replaced by greater pragmatism. Restoration of Chinese trade and liberalization of markets were pursued to bring in international capital and expertise to undo the traumas and isolation of the late Mao period. After the Tienanmen Incident and Deng's retirement, China's new leaders promoted added emphasis on preventing border conflicts to allow concentration on deepening domestic reforms. After the 9/11 attacks both states saw the need for cooperation to fight global terrorism.
Concerns that China would seek to dominate Asia decreased when Beijing assured neighbors through words and deeds (eg. aid during the Asian Financial Crisis) that it was seeking partnerships rather than spheres of influence. China also became a 'joiner' by entering the WTO and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and sought out new markets and potential political partners, including Iran, Sudan, and others. The Hu government has also been critical of the West for interventions in Iraq, Kosovo, and Iran. China is not seen as seeking territorial expansion, though it does persist in historical claims to Taiwan and the South China Sea region. The result of the latter has been increasingly frosty relationships with Japan, Vietnam, and the Philippines, and difficulties with North Korea.
The U.S. has been a major target for Chinese nationalism, often with foreign policy dimensions. In 1993, a Chinese cargo vessel was stopped by U.S. warships in the Persian Gulf on the erroneous supposition it was ferrying chemical weapon components to Iran. Two years later, China and the U.S. were at odds over a decision to permit Taiwan's president to speak at his alma mater, Cornell. Early 1996 Beijing conducted missile exercises near Taiwan, then came the 1999 accidental bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade. Concern over China's rising influence has recently brought a small contingent of American Marines to Australia and planned strengthening of American naval forces in the Pacific.
China's status as an oil and gas importer have made it sensitive to the problem of energy security. Another problem - the environment has become more of a problem and China is now trying to improve and present itself as a green-friendly rising power while ensuring rapid economic growth continues. Africa and the European community have become new and expended trading partners; further European engagement also allows Beijing to balance American power and encourage 'multi-polarization'. China is also now trying to work its way up the 'economic food chain' to capture the larger profits offered by product branding and design.
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